Kohima, 12 December (MTNews): Advisor, Law & Justice and Land Revenue, TN Mannen, IAS (Retd), in discussions related to Naga customary law, emphasized the critical need for a comprehensive dialogue on the organizational structures governing the formulation of customary laws. Mannen expressed concern that unless these laws are refined, standardized, and codified, they risk becoming irrelevant, even with constitutional protection under Article 371(A).

Nagalandcodification
TN Manner’

Highlighting the urgency of the matter, Advisor Mannen stressed that there is a pressing need to determine the laws that should be applied in the codification process. He underscored the importance of refining customary laws to ensure their relevance and applicability in contemporary contexts.

โ€œIf every Naga tribe can come up with a compilation of their customary laws in codified form, it will make the job easier for the codification of Naga customary law,โ€ he stated.

The Advisor was speaking at the Silver Jubilee celebration of the Nagaland Law Students’ Federation at Capital Convention center, Kohima, under the theme, “Forging equitable justice” on 12 December.

Enlightening the gathering on customary courts and laws, he remarked that the Nagaland Village Council Act 1978 (formerly the Village and Area Council Act 1978 before amendment in 1992) Rule 14 (1) (2) had defined the Village Council’s power in the administration of justice in the State. However, the system of the organizational structure of setting up customary law courts in Nagaland is yet to be established even after more than 60 years of Statehood.

As the introductory guest at the jubilee, the Advisor shared his opinions on Naga political history. He expressed concern that the Naga political movement seems to have lost its direction and momentum, with the initial motivation and enthusiasm for the lofty dream of a united Naga Nation, independent and sovereign, now reduced to the position that even the least demand for integration of Naga-inhabited contiguous areas is considered an impossible and non-negotiable issue.

He added, “The once hopeful expectations of an honorable, inclusive, and acceptable negotiated settlement are now becoming an elusive dream. However, the Nagas cannot place the blame solely on the Indian Government for this sorry state of affairs.”

In the present day, he observed a decline in nationalistic impulses, oneness, and goodwill among Nagas, replacing them with tribalism, intolerance, short-sighted conflicts of interest, and personal rivalries.

Furthermore, the Advisor noted a shift in the Nagas’ identity, emphasizing diversities and distinctive characteristics among tribes rather than fostering common roadmaps for all Nagas to journey together towards a shared future, as envisioned by their pioneering leaders.

Addressing the border issue with Assam, he recounted the respectable relationship between the Nagas and Ahoms during the 600 years of Ahom Rule in Assam. Unlike other rulers, Ahom rulers never attempted to annex Naga territories. Instead, they maintained clear border demarcations, employing features such as Nagas’ Border, Naga bend earthen elevated platforms, Ladigarah, Deodar Ali, etc.

Regarding the Statehood creation, he highlighted that the boundary between Assam and Nagaland was inaccurately decided, accepting the 1925 line drawn by the British Administration without ground verification. This has resulted in a series of border disputes and clashes between the two States.

Regrettably, he stated that Nagas are currently at a greater disadvantage in the ongoing boundary disputes, particularly impacting the younger generation. The foothill areas along the Assam-Nagaland border hold immense potential for the economic development of the State, and finding an acceptable solution is crucial, he added.

With the Naga population expanding exponentially and the land remaining static, if not shrinking, the Advisor emphasized the urgency of discovering a viable solution for the benefit of all.

37 thoughts on “Advisor TN Mannen calls for discussion on Codification of Naga Customary Laws”
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  9. Equilibrado de piezas
    La Nivelaciรณn de Partes Mรณviles: Esencial para una Operaciรณn Sin Vibraciones

    ยฟAlguna vez has notado vibraciones extraรฑas en una mรกquina? ยฟO tal vez ruidos que no deberรญan estar ahรญ? Muchas veces, el problema estรก en algo tan bรกsico como una irregularidad en un componente giratorio . Y crรฉeme, ignorarlo puede costarte mรกs de lo que imaginas.

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    ยฟPor quรฉ es tan importante equilibrar las piezas?
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    Mรฉtodos de equilibrado: cuรกl elegir
    No todos los casos son iguales. Dependiendo del tipo de pieza y su uso, se aplican distintas tรฉcnicas:

    Equilibrado dinรกmico
    Perfecto para elementos que operan a velocidades altas, tales como ejes o rotores . Se realiza en mรกquinas especializadas que detectan el desequilibrio en varios niveles simultรกneos. Es el mรฉtodo mรกs exacto para asegurar un movimiento uniforme .
    Equilibrado estรกtico
    Se usa principalmente en piezas como neumรกticos, discos o volantes de inercia. Aquรญ solo se corrige el peso excesivo en un plano . Es รกgil, prรกctico y efectivo para determinados sistemas.
    Correcciรณn del desequilibrio: cรณmo se hace
    Taladrado selectivo: se elimina material en la zona mรกs pesada
    Colocaciรณn de contrapesos: tal como en neumรกticos o perfiles de poleas
    Ajuste de masas: comรบn en cigรผeรฑales y otros componentes crรญticos
    Equipos profesionales para detectar y corregir vibraciones
    Para hacer un diagnรณstico certero, necesitas herramientas precisas. Hoy en dรญa hay opciones econรณmicas pero potentes, tales como:

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    Paradas sin programar seguidas de gastos elevados
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    Mรฉtodos de equilibrado: cuรกl elegir
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    Taladrado selectivo: se elimina material en la zona mรกs pesada
    Colocaciรณn de contrapesos: por ejemplo, en llantas o aros de volantes
    Ajuste de masas: tรญpico en bielas y elementos estratรฉgicos
    Equipos profesionales para detectar y corregir vibraciones
    Para hacer un diagnรณstico certero, necesitas herramientas precisas. Hoy en dรญa hay opciones accesibles y muy efectivas, como :

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  12. analizador de vibrasiones
    Soluciรณn rรกpida de equilibrio:
    Respuesta inmediata sin mover equipos

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    โœ… Evitar paradas prolongadas, manteniendo la producciรณn activa.
    โœ… Actuar incluso en sitios de difรญcil acceso.

    ยฟCuรกndo es ideal el equilibrado rรกpido?
    Siempre que puedas:
    – Tener acceso fรญsico al elemento rotativo.
    – Ubicar dispositivos de mediciรณn sin inconvenientes.
    – Modificar la distribuciรณn de masa (agregar o quitar contrapesos).

    Casos tรญpicos donde conviene usarlo:
    La mรกquina muestra movimientos irregulares o ruidos atรญpicos.
    No hay tiempo para desmontajes (operaciรณn prioritaria).
    El equipo es de alto valor o esencial en la lรญnea de producciรณn.
    Trabajas en zonas remotas sin infraestructura tรฉcnica.

    Ventajas clave vs. llamar a un tรฉcnico
    | Equipo portรกtil | Servicio externo |
    |—————-|——————|
    | โœ” Sin esperas (acciรณn inmediata) | โŒ Retrasos por programaciรณn y transporte |
    | โœ” Monitoreo preventivo (evitas fallas mayores) | โŒ Suele usarse solo cuando hay emergencias |
    | โœ” Ahorro a largo plazo (menos desgaste y reparaciones) | โŒ Costos recurrentes por servicios |

    ยฟQuรฉ mรกquinas se pueden equilibrar?
    Cualquier sistema rotativo, como:
    – Turbinas de vapor/gas
    – Motores industriales
    – Ventiladores de alta potencia
    – Molinos y trituradoras
    – Hรฉlices navales
    – Bombas centrรญfugas

    Requisito clave: acceso suficiente para medir y corregir el balance.

    Tecnologรญa que simplifica el proceso
    Los equipos modernos incluyen:
    Apps intuitivas (guรญan paso a paso, sin cรกlculos manuales).
    Anรกlisis en tiempo real (grรกficos claros de vibraciones).
    Baterรญa de larga duraciรณn (perfecto para zonas remotas).

    Ejemplo prรกctico:
    Un molino en una mina empezรณ a generar riesgos estructurales. Con un equipo portรกtil, el tรฉcnico detectรณ un desbalance en 20 minutos. Lo corrigiรณ aรฑadiendo contrapesos y ahorrรณ jornadas de inactividad.

    ยฟPor quรฉ esta versiรณn es mรกs efectiva?
    – Estructura mรกs dinรกmica: Formato claro ayuda a captar ideas clave.
    – Enfoque prรกctico: Ofrece aplicaciones tangibles del mรฉtodo.
    – Lenguaje persuasivo: Frases como “kit de supervivencia” o “evitas fallas mayores” refuerzan el valor del servicio.
    – Detalles tรฉcnicos รบtiles: Se especifican requisitos y tecnologรญas modernas.

    ยฟNecesitas ajustar el tono (mรกs tรฉcnico) o aรฑadir keywords especรญficas? ยกAquรญ estoy para ayudarte! ๏ธ

  13. El dispositivo para equilibrio Balanset 1A constituye el logro de dรฉcadas de investigaciรณn y compromiso.
    Como fabricantes de este sistema innovador, estamos orgullosos de cada modelo que se distribuye de nuestras fรกbricas.
    No se trata รบnicamente de un bien, sino una soluciรณn que hemos perfeccionado para abordar inconvenientes complejos relacionados con oscilaciones en equipos giratorios.

    Entendemos cuรกn agotador resulta enfrentar interrupciones repentinas o mantenimientos caros.
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    Los agentes regionales estรกn siempre disponibles para brindar soporte tรฉcnico personalizado y orientaciรณn en el lenguaje que prefieras.
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  14. Equilibrio in situ
    El Balanceo de Componentes: Elemento Clave para un Desempeรฑo ร“ptimo

    ยฟ En algรบn momento te has dado cuenta de movimientos irregulares en una mรกquina? ยฟO tal vez escuchaste ruidos anรณmalos? Muchas veces, el problema estรก en algo tan bรกsico como una irregularidad en un componente giratorio . Y crรฉeme, ignorarlo puede costarte caro .

    El equilibrado de piezas es una tarea fundamental tanto en la fabricaciรณn como en el mantenimiento de maquinaria agrรญcola, ejes, volantes, rotores y componentes de motores elรฉctricos . Su objetivo es claro: impedir oscilaciones que, a la larga, puedan provocar desperfectos graves.

    ยฟPor quรฉ es tan importante equilibrar las piezas?
    Imagina que tu coche tiene una llanta mal nivelada . Al acelerar, empiezan las vibraciones, el volante tiembla, e incluso puedes sentir incomodidad al conducir . En maquinaria industrial ocurre algo similar, pero con consecuencias mucho mรกs graves :

    Aumento del desgaste en bearings y ejes giratorios
    Sobrecalentamiento de partes crรญticas
    Riesgo de fallos mecรกnicos repentinos
    Paradas imprevistas que exigen arreglos costosos
    En resumen: si no se corrige a tiempo, una leve irregularidad puede transformarse en un problema grave .

    Mรฉtodos de equilibrado: cuรกl elegir
    No todos los casos son iguales. Dependiendo del tipo de pieza y su uso, se aplican distintas tรฉcnicas:

    Equilibrado dinรกmico
    Ideal para piezas que giran a alta velocidad, como rotores o ejes . Se realiza en mรกquinas especializadas que detectan el desequilibrio en mรบltiples superficies . Es el mรฉtodo mรกs exacto para asegurar un movimiento uniforme .
    Equilibrado estรกtico
    Se usa principalmente en piezas como ruedas, discos o volantes . Aquรญ solo se corrige el peso excesivo en una รบnica direcciรณn. Es rรกpido, fรกcil y funcional para algunos equipos .
    Correcciรณn del desequilibrio: cรณmo se hace
    Taladrado selectivo: se elimina material en la zona mรกs pesada
    Colocaciรณn de contrapesos: como en ruedas o anillos de volantes
    Ajuste de masas: comรบn en cigรผeรฑales y otros componentes crรญticos
    Equipos profesionales para detectar y corregir vibraciones
    Para hacer un diagnรณstico certero, necesitas herramientas precisas. Hoy en dรญa hay opciones disponibles y altamente productivas, por ejemplo :

    โœ… Balanset-1A โ€” Tu aliado portรกtil para equilibrar y analizar vibraciones

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  16. Vaping in Singapore: More Than Just a Trend

    In todayโ€™s fast-paced world, people are always looking for ways to unwind, relax, and enjoy the moment โ€” and for many, vaping has become a go-to ritual . In Singapore, where modern life moves quickly, the rise of vaping culture has brought with it a stylish escape. It’s not just about the devices or the clouds of vapor โ€” it’s about flavor, convenience, and finding your own vibe.

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    Final Thoughts

    Vaping in Singapore isnโ€™t just a passing trend โ€” itโ€™s a lifestyle choice for many. With so many options available, from pocket-sized disposables to customizable devices, there’s something for everyone. Whether you’re exploring vaping for the first time , or an experienced user , the experience is all about what feels right to you โ€” tailored to your preferences .

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  18. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื˜ืœื’ืจื|ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื , ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื˜ืœื’ืจื. ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื–ื” ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.

    ืขืœ ืžื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก?
    ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ืงื“ ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ื (ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจื) ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก. ื”ืืชืจ ืžืกืคืง ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ืžืชื•ืช ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื”.

    ื”ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืžืคื™ืฆื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื’ืจื. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืขืจื•ืฅ ืžืชืื™ื, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ู…ุฒูˆุฏ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื›ื, ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื โ€“ ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ.

    ืื™ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš?
    ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ulgืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ. ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื:

    ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืชืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข:
    ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ืืชืจ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื. ื”ืืชืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
    ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
    ื”ืืชืจ ืžืกืคืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืขืจื•ืฅ ืื•ืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืฉืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืืžื™ืŸ.
    ื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ:
    ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื—. ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ.
    ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—:
    ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™. ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.
    ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™?
    ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ulgืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืžืกืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช:

    ื ื•ื—ื•ืช: ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
    ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช: ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“.
    ืืžื™ื ื•ืช: ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื.
    ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช: ื”ืืชืจ ืžืกืคืง ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื”ืงืฆื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
    ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื
    ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืช ะธัะฟะพะปัŒะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ื˜ulgืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื• ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื:

    ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ: ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
    ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช: ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ื™ื” ืื• ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ.
    ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืชืื: ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืืžื™ืŸ.
    ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช
    ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ulgืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช. ืื ืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื•, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

    ืฆืขื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
    ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื˜ulgืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื. ื”ืืชืจ ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ required details, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื, ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืขื ื˜ulgืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.

    ืืœ ืชื—ื›ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื, ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”!

    ื˜ืœื’ืจืืก ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื›ื.

  19. Balanset-1A: Revolutionary Portable Balancer & Vibration Analyzer
    Next-generation Dynamic Balancing Solution
    Balanset-1A serves as an groundbreaking solution for vibration correction of rotors in their own bearings, engineered by Estonian company Vibromera OU. The device provides professional equipment balancing at โ‚ฌ1,751, which is significantly cheaper than traditional vibration analyzers while retaining high measurement accuracy. The system permits field balancing directly at the equipment’s operational location without necessitating dismantling, which is essential for minimizing production downtime.
    About the Manufacturer
    Vibromera OU is an Estonian company focusing in the creation and manufacturing of instruments for technical diagnostics of industrial equipment. The company is established in Estonia (registration number 14317077) and has branches in Portugal.
    Contact Information:

    Official website: https://vibromera.eu/shop/2/

    Technical Specifications
    Detection Parameters
    Balanset-1A delivers accurate measurements using a twin-channel vibration analysis system. The device measures RMS vibration velocity in the range of 0-80 mm/s with an accuracy of ยฑ(0.1 + 0.1?Vi) mm/s. The working frequency range is 5-550 Hz with possible extension to 1000 Hz. The system supports RPM measurement from 250 to 90,000 RPM with phase angle determination accuracy of ยฑ1 degree.
    Working Principle
    The device employs phase-sensitive vibration measurement technology with MEMS accelerometers ADXL335 and laser tachometry. Two uniaxial accelerometers measure mechanical oscillations proportional to acceleration, while a laser tachometer generates pulse signals for determining rotation frequency and phase angle. Digital signal processing includes FFT analysis for frequency analysis and custom algorithms for automatic calculation of correction masses.
    Full Kit Components
    The standard Balanset-1A delivery includes:

    Measurement unit with USB interface – main module with embedded preamplifiers, integrators, and ADC
    2 vibration sensors (accelerometers) with 4m cables (alternatively 10m)
    Optical sensor (laser tachometer) with 50-500mm measuring distance
    Magnetic stand for sensor mounting
    Electronic scales for exact measurement of corrective masses
    Software for Windows 7-11 (32/64-bit)
    Plastic transport case
    Complete set of cables and documentation

    Performance Capabilities
    Vibrometer Mode
    Balanset-1A works as a comprehensive vibration analyzer with abilities for measuring overall vibration level, FFT spectrum analysis up to 1000 Hz, measuring amplitude and phase of the fundamental frequency (1x), and continuous data recording. The system delivers display of time signals and spectral analysis for equipment condition diagnostics.
    Balancing Mode
    The device supports one-plane (static) and two-plane (dynamic) balancing with automatic calculation of correction masses and their installation angles. The unique influence coefficient saving function allows substantial acceleration of follow-up balancing of identical equipment. A specialized grinding wheel balancing mode uses the three-correction-weight method.
    Software
    The user-friendly program interface offers step-by-step guidance through the balancing process, making the device available to personnel without special training. Key functions include:

    Automatic tolerance calculation per ISO 1940
    Polar diagrams for imbalance visualization
    Result archiving with report generation capability
    Metric and imperial system support
    Multilingual interface (English, German, French, Polish, Russian)

    Fields of Use and Equipment Types
    Industrial Equipment
    Balanset-1A is effectively used for balancing fans (centrifugal, axial), pumps (hydraulic, centrifugal), turbines (steam, gas), centrifuges, compressors, and electric motors. In manufacturing facilities, the device is used for balancing grinding wheels, machine spindles, and drive shafts.
    Agricultural Machinery
    The device represents exceptional value for agriculture, where reliable operation during season is vital. Balanset-1A is applied for balancing combine threshing drums, shredders, mulchers, mowers, and augers. The capability to balance on-site without equipment disassembly enables preventing costly downtime during busy harvest periods.
    Specialized Equipment
    The device is successfully used for balancing crushers of various types, turbochargers, drone propellers, and other high-speed equipment. The RPM frequency range from 250 to 90,000 RPM covers virtually all types of industrial equipment.
    Superiority Over Alternatives
    Economic Value
    At a price of โ‚ฌ1,751, Balanset-1A offers the functionality of devices costing โ‚ฌ10,000-25,000. The investment pays for itself after preventing just 2-3 bearing failures. Cost reduction on external balancing specialist services amounts to thousands of euros annually.
    Ease of Use
    Unlike complex vibration analyzers requiring months of training, mastering Balanset-1A takes 3-4 hours. The step-by-step guide in the software allows professional balancing by personnel without special vibration diagnostics training.
    Mobility and Autonomy
    The complete kit weighs only 4 kg, with power supplied through the laptop’s USB port. This enables balancing in field conditions, at remote sites, and in hard-to-reach locations without additional power supply.
    Versatile Application
    One device is appropriate for balancing the widest spectrum of equipment – from small electric motors to large industrial fans and turbines. Support for one and two-plane balancing covers all typical tasks.
    Real Application Results
    Drone Propeller Balancing
    A user achieved vibration reduction from 0.74 mm/s to 0.014 mm/s – a 50-fold improvement. This demonstrates the remarkable accuracy of the device even on small rotors.
    Shopping Center Ventilation Systems
    Engineers effectively balanced radial fans, achieving lower energy consumption, removed excessive noise, and extended equipment lifespan. Energy savings recovered the device cost within several months.
    Agricultural Equipment
    Farmers note that Balanset-1A has become an vital tool preventing costly breakdowns during peak season. Decreased vibration of threshing drums led to lower fuel consumption and bearing wear.
    Investment and Delivery Terms
    Current Prices

    Complete Balanset-1A Kit: โ‚ฌ1,751
    OEM Kit (without case, stand, and scales): โ‚ฌ1,561
    Special Offer: โ‚ฌ50 discount for newsletter subscribers
    Bulk Discounts: up to 15% for orders of 4+ units

    Acquisition Options

    Official Website: vibromera.eu (recommended)
    eBay: verified sellers with 100% rating
    Industrial Distributors: through B2B channels

    Payment and Shipping Terms

    Payment Methods: PayPal, credit cards, bank transfer
    Shipping: 10-20 business days by international mail
    Shipping Cost: from $10 (economy) to $95 (express)
    Warranty: manufacturer’s warranty
    Technical Support: included in price

    Final Assessment
    Balanset-1A constitutes an perfect solution for organizations aiming to implement an successful equipment balancing system without significant capital expenditure. The device democratizes access to professional balancing, enabling small enterprises and service centers to provide services at the level of large industrial companies.
    The blend of accessible price, ease of use, and professional capabilities makes Balanset-1A an indispensable tool for modern technical maintenance. Investment in this device is an investment in equipment stability, reduced operating costs, and increased competitiveness of your business.

  20. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื

    ื•ื•ืค ืคื ื™ื โ€“ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.

    ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืฉื’ืจื” ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื, ื•ื•ืค ืคื ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

    ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช.

    ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืงืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื“
    ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืื”. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”Vape Pen ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื โ€“ ืœืžืฉืจื“, ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ืื• ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื˜ืจื“ ืื• ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื.

    ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื™ืก ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

    ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืค ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืงื˜ื” ื•ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื”.

    ืื™ืŸ ืขืฉืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื• ืจื™ื— ื—ื“ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ โ€“ ืจืง ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื—ืœืง ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืžื”.

    ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™
    ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืœื•ื•ืกืช ืืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช.

    ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ โ€“ ืคืจื—ื™ื, ืฉืžื ื™ื ืื• ืชืžืฆื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.

    ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืชื™ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื—ืœืงื”, ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื.

    ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
    ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื˜ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืจืขืœื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”.

    ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื•ืคื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื.

    ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจื”, ื”ื”ืืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื ืฉืžืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”๏ฟฝื ืื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช.

    ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ืื—ื–ืงื”
    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืค ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” โ€“ ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข.

    ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืขืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื (ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืื• ื’ื‘ื™ืขื™ื) ืฉืžืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื—ื–ืงื”.

    ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.

    ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื•ืค โ€“ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
    ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื˜ื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืœืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•:

    ืขื˜ื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœืคืจื—ื™ื
    ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืœืœื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื โ€“ ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืขื˜ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.

    ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—.

    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื•ื–ืœื™ื
    ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื•ืงื ืื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•ืœ โ€“ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ืชืžืฆื™ื•ืช.

    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืกืคืง ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื—ื™ื“, ื—ืœืง ื•ืžืœื ื‘ื˜ืขื.

    ืžืกืงื ื•ืช
    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื•ืค ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก โ€“ ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช.

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื:
    – ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ืขื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืื”
    – ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื—ื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™
    – ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื”
    – ื”ืคืขืœื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
    – ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืคื™ื ื’ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืง โ€“ ืขื˜ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.

    ื”ืขืจื•ืช:
    – ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืœืกืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
    – ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช.
    – ืฉืžืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื (ื›ืžื• Vape Pen, THC, CBD) ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
    – ื”ื•ืกืคืชื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.

    ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื•ืžืฉืœื‘ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจืชื™ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™.

  21. ื•ื•ื™ื™ืคื™ื

    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ โ€“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืคืจืงื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.

    ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืงืฆื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืฉื’ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื, ืขื˜ื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

    ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช.

    ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ ื•ืงืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื“
    ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืื”. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืขื˜ ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื โ€“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ืื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื โ€“ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืื• ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื.

    ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื™ืก ื‘ืงืœื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ ื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

    ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช
    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืค ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื•ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื”.

    ืื™ืŸ ืขืฉืŸ ืžืฆื™ืง ืื• ืจื™ื— ื—ื“ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ โ€“ ืจืง ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืงืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.

    ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™
    ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช.

    ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื”ืžื•ืฆืจ โ€“ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื• ืชืžืฆื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.

    ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ืžืกืคืงืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื ืขื™ืžื”, ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื.

    ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื ืงื™ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
    ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื˜ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.

    ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืจืขืœื ื™ื.

    ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจื”, ื”ื”ืืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื ืฉืžืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”๏ฟฝื ืื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช.

    ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ืื—ื–ืงื”
    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืค ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ โ€“ ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืœื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข.

    ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื˜ื ืงื™ื ืื• ื’ื‘ื™ืขื™ื) ืฉืžืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.

    ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื•ืค โ€“ ืžื•ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื
    ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•:

    ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื˜ื‘ืขื™
    ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืช, ืœืœื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื โ€“ ื™ื™ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœืงื ืื‘ื™ืก ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.

    ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื— ื•ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก.

    ืขื˜ื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื ื™ื ื•ืชืžืฆื™ื•ืช
    ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื•ืงื ืื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•ืœ โ€“ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉืžื ื™ื ื•ืชืžืฆื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืกืคืง ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื—ื™ื“, ื—ืœืง ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ.

    ืกื™ื›ื•ื
    ืขื˜ื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืงื ืื‘ื™ืก โ€“ ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืœื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื.

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื:
    – ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื— ืœืชื ื•ืขื”
    – ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”
    – ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื”
    – ื”ืคืขืœื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
    – ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ื”ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื ื•ืกื” โ€“ ืขื˜ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.

    ื”ืขืจื•ืช:
    – ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืœืกืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
    – ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.
    – ืฉืžืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื (ื›ืžื• Vape Pen, THC, CBD) ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
    – ื”ื•ืกืคืชื™ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.

    ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฉืœื‘ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจืชื™ ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.

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