At the State Mega Legal Services Camp held at the NBCC Convention Hall, Kohima, on April 12, Nagaland Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio highlighted the judiciary’s pivotal role in shaping India’s destiny, not only within the legal domain but also in upholding equality, maintaining social harmony, and fostering economic growth. He described the judiciary as one of the strongest pillars of nation-building since India’s independence.
Speaking on the relationship between modern law and Naga customary law, the Chief Minister outlined three key aspects. He noted that mediation, which is increasingly recognized in modern dispute resolution, has been a centuries-old practice under Naga customary law. Capital punishment, he stated, was historically unknown among the Nagas and remains absent from customary practices. Forgiveness, which is a hallmark of Naga customary law, was cited as another area of convergence with modern legal systems that seek the reformation of offenders.
Dr. Rio further emphasized the significance of Article 371(A) of the Constitution, which was inserted to address the unique circumstances in Nagaland. He stated that this Article provides protection to Naga customary laws, religious and social practices, as well as ownership and transfer of land and resources.
Highlighting the three-tier system of village courts, subordinate district customary courts, and district customary courts, the Chief Minister said that customary practices remain strong in Nagaland. Land disputes are largely resolved according to these practices, with courts manned by Gaon Buras and Dobashis, who command respect within their communities. Justice delivered through the traditional system, he observed, is inexpensive, quick, and widely acceptable in the community. Another uniqueness that has been enshrined since the British times is the Inner Line Permit, he added.
Nagaland Chief Secretary Dr J Alam, IAS, highlighted the importance of village councils in the dispensation of justice in rural areas, noting that 138 legal aid clinics have been established across Nagaland to deliver legal services and promote access to justice. Additionally, he informed that 11 District Legal Services Authorities (DLSAs) are currently functioning in the state, conducting legal awareness programs and workshops.
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