India’s Act East Policy (AEP) is a significant foreign policy initiative designed to strengthen India’s engagement with the Asia-Pacific region, with a particular focus on Southeast Asia. This initiative is driven by India’s pursuit of economic opportunities and regional integration. At the core of the AEP lies the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), comprising countries such as Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam. The AEP has evolved from the “Look East Policy” into a proactive and action-oriented strategy formally articulated by the Prime Minister in 2014.
The AEP promises to boost trade and investment between India and ASEAN countries, underpinned by key connectivity projects like the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway and the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Corridor. These projects hold the potential to enhance trade, connectivity, and tourism, opening a direct land route from Northeast India to Thailand and other ASEAN nations, stimulating regional economic growth.
However, Nagaland, like most other states, faces challenges in fully capitalizing on the AEP. Inadequate infrastructure within Nagaland is a significant limitation, constraining the state’s capacity to harness the economic prospects presented by the AEP. Furthermore, the unresolved Naga political problem creates an uncertain environment for businesses and investors.
To seize the benefits of the AEP, Nagaland must embark on a series of essential steps. Infrastructure development, including improvements in roads, railways, and airports, is crucial to enhance connectivity within India and with ASEAN nations. Investments in education and skills training are required to develop a skilled workforce prepared to leverage economic opportunities. The Nagaland government must formulate a clear economic vision to identify priority sectors under the AEP. Active networking with ASEAN countries will be essential to identify trade, investment, and cultural exchange opportunities.
Developing an Act East Policy roadmap will define key sectors of focus and specific initiatives for implementation. Collaborating with the Indian government to establish infrastructure projects beneficial to Nagaland under the AEP is critical. Finally, the creation of a dedicated unit within the Nagaland government responsible for coordinating AEP implementation will ensure effective execution. It is believed that no state government in India has such a dedicated unit.
The AEP presents significant opportunities for Nagaland and the Northeast India region. Preparing for this policy is imperative to unlock its full potential. By investing in infrastructure, education, and business networking while addressing political stability and collaborating with the Indian government, Nagaland can position itself to reap the benefits of the AEP. Though challenges persist, a strategic approach and effective implementation will enable Nagaland to play a pivotal role in realizing the AEP’s transformative potential.