How science is shaping agriculture in Nagaland

Nagaland predominantly an agrarian state with 70% of the population dependent and engaged on agriculture to boost its economy. The practices are based on traditional methods like Jhum and terrace cultivation, with rice being the stable crop. With the advancement in technology, modern science is increasingly shaping the agriculture in Nagaland.

Besides many scientists helping farmers to preserve their traditional practices by adopting to sustainable techniques while also improving yield production. Researchers are also studying indigenous medicinal plants through scientific affirmation in Nagaland.

An example of how traditional knowledge and scientific research are contributing towards economic opportunities is the popularization of Naga King Chilly as a geographical indication.

Scientific approach to agriculture in Nagaland
While Alder-based farming, terrace cultivation, organic farming practices, government initiatives like the Horticulture Technology Mission(HTM) are being used to improve yields in Nagaland,blending traditional practices along with scientific practices fostering the economic conditionof the state.Farmers are encouraged to practice double, inter, relay and mixed cropping to improve yields and resource utilization. Integrated Pest Management(IPM) are also emphasized to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and sustainable pest control methods.

Breakdown of how science is shaping agriculture in Nagaland:

1. The traditional farming practices are inherently organic and the state government in collaboration with M.R Morarka Research Foundation, is implementing on organic agriculture program utilizing science and technology to support farmers.

2. Nagaland University’s Department of Biotechnology are conducting research on indigenous plants and opening up ways for commercial use.

3. The Angami and Chakhesang tribes have developed a system of wet terrace rice cultivation(WTRC), which is a sustainable approach to rice farming on hilly terrains. In Kikrumavillage under Phek district, Zabo system integrates livestock rearing, crop cultivation and forestry while also demonstrating a holistic approach.

4. The Department of Agriculture in Nagaland has a biofertilizerproduction laboratory at Medziphemathat produces various biofertilizer for both Kharif and Rabi crops, which are distributed to free to farmers to promote sustainable agriculture.

Challenges in agriculture
Despite its rich agricultural heritage, the state faces its setbacks and challenges. Land degradation, limited irrigation due to hilly terrain, inadequate infrastructure that hinders market access for farmers, climatic change leading to irregular rainfall pattern, soil erosion and loss of fertility in many areas are some of the issues that needs to be tackled.

The state vision in achieving food security and sustainable agriculture through scientific management practices in Nagaland by 2025 is a testament towards the significance of scientific application in agricultural development.

In Nagaland, science and technology are increasingly used in agriculture to improve productivity, promote sustainable practices, and enhance farmers’ livelihoods, focusing on areas like organic farming, mechanization, and research & development.The future of agriculture in Nagaland lies in investing more on scientific technology and new innovation to intensify the traditional practices leading to sustainable farming.

Khumjongla Thongtsar
Department of Journalism and Mass Communication
Nagaland University