Nagaland University is undertaking a significant archaeological research project to uncover the prehistoric life of Naga communities, with the goal of informing climate change mitigation strategies and enhancing food security in the region. The study focuses on the Holocene and Anthropocene geological time periods and emphasizes working closely with Indigenous communities. A university official noted that researchers are engaging in community-based participatory research to respect local heritage and traditional knowledge associated with Naga ancestral sites. These inclusive practices enrich the scientific work while honoring local ownership.
The core objective of the project is to reconstruct the history of Naga life from ancient times to the recent past through archaeology and palaeoclimate studies. Much of this history remains fragmented and undated, with limited research having been conducted so far. The team is examining both prehistoric sites and ancestral village locations, many of which lie beneath modern settlements. These sites reflect pre-colonial Indigenous occupation and often represent shared histories and migration narratives of various Naga communities.
The project, running from 2025 to 2028, is funded by the Australian Research Council and is a collaboration between Nagaland University, the University of Sydney, La Trobe University, the University of York, and the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences in Lucknow. Local support is provided by the Department of Art and Culture, Government of Nagaland. The initiative will generate scientific publications, targeted community insights, and recommendations for sustainable living.
Led by Prof. Tiatoshi Jamir of the Department of History and Archaeology, the team has already conducted a pilot study in Langa village, Shamator District. Prof. Jamir explained that Langa was abandoned historically and recently reoccupied. The village elders shared oral histories explaining the original settlement and reasons for its abandonment. Excavations have revealed remains of an earlier village. A short community film was produced to document these findings and the oral traditions of Langa, with contributions from the communities of Kuthur and the Yimkhiung Tribal Council. Similar studies are ongoing at New Phor (Burakha) in Meluri District with support from the local community and Pochury Hoho.
Prof. Alison Betts from the University of Sydney emphasized the broader relevance of the research, stating, “We work with communities to uncover the deep history of their villages, to see how their food systems have changed through time and to identify any past adaptations they may have made to altered climatic conditions.” She added that this knowledge would help guide future adaptation strategies amid increasing environmental instability.
The project responds to concerns about the erosion of traditional knowledge and ecosystems. Nagaland’s long-standing agricultural systems, such as the ‘jhum’ method, are increasingly under scrutiny. However, new studies challenge negative perceptions of ‘jhum’, suggesting that cyclical cultivation supports biodiversity, agro-diversity, and social stability.
The research combines archaeological and environmental science methods to reconstruct ancient practices. Pottery residue analysis will reveal culinary traditions, while soil studies will identify plant species through phytoliths. Charred remains will enable radiocarbon dating, helping to establish historical timelines. Nutritional analyses will also explore the health implications of traditional food preservation. This comprehensive study aims to connect ancient wisdom with modern sustainability solutions.
(With input from agencies)